2008 Year in Review

In February of 2008; NASA Stennis Space Center (SSC), NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC), and The Applied Research Laboratory at Penn State University demonstrated a pilot implementation of an Integrated System Health Management (ISHM) capability at the Launch Complex 20 of KSC. The following significant accomplishments are associated with this development: (1) implementation of an architecture for ground operations ISHM, based on networked intelligent elements; (2) Use of standards for management of data, information, and knowledge (DIaK) leading to modular ISHM implementation with interoperable elements communicating according to standards (three standards were used: IEEE 1451 family of standards for smart sensors and actuators, Open Systems Architecture for Condition Based Maintenance (OSA-CBM) standard for communicating DIaK describing the condition of elements of a system, and the OPC standard for communicating data); (3) ISHM implementation using interoperable modules addressing health management of subsystems; and (4) use of a physical intelligent sensor node (smart network element or SNE capable of providing data and health) along with classic sensors originally installed in the facility. An operational demonstration included detection of anomalies (sensor failures, leaks, etc.), determination of causes and effects, communication among health nodes, and user interfaces

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN LATIN AMERICA DURING THE 21st CENTURY

This paper aims to provide an brief overview of Entrepreneurship during the last decade in three of the most representative economies of Latin America. With this objective, the relationship of different variables that pertain to both entrepreneurship and the elements that, according to the literature, are individual-level determinants of it (such as attitude, social norms and the perceived ability to develop individual action itself) are explored over time. The period analyzed is 2001-2012 for the cases of Brazil, Argentina and Mexico with indicators from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). The data show that for all selected countries, the perceived desirability, specifically the dimension of the social value given to the entrepreneurial activity, is positively and significantly associated with both the initiation of new business and the intent to undertake them. Looking at each country in particular, this important association persisted with at least one dimension of entrepreneurship (either the activity or the intention). The variable on perceived feasibility for conducting business is more strongly associated with entrepreneurship in the case of Brazil, in contrast to the cases of Argentina and Mexico where it, in general, does not reflect statistical significance

Analysis of organic flocculants in lead and cadmium biosorption in laboratory-level samples

Parte de la Global Sustainability Conference 2022The intention of the work is to evaluate the absorption of lead and cadmium in water, by means of controlled tests, by means of a protocol based on the preparation of 3 types of concentrations of the indicated metals, in a water sample of 1 liter, the used dose of flocculants was made in 5 groups, with varied times of rest of are from 5 minutes to 30 minutes, the method that is presented to evaluate these concentrations, is characterized in being able to use different concentrations, with situations of controlled environment, the most encouraging result was the one that presents a level of concentration of 2. 5 grams of natural flocculant. In order to eliminate cadmium, we have a better response using flocculants based on coconut, grapefruit, tangerine, cucumber and apple fruits.Campus At

Sistematización de experiencias de los docentes en formación en clave a su recorrido por los componentes académicos de la práctica pedagógica y educativa

The article presents the results of the systematization of experiences of teachers in training, according to the academic components of pedagogical and educational practice and in accordance with the main objective of the research entitled "Pedagogical and educational practice in the Technology and Computer Science degrees of the Catholic University of Manizales - UCM and the Catholic University Foundation Lumen Gentium - Unicatólica, as a contribution to the initial training of teachers", in which the contributionsof the pedagogical and educational practice (PPE) to the initial training of teachers in training for the degrees in Technology and Computer Science of the Catholic University of Manizales (UCM) and Computer Science of the Lumen Gentium University Foundation (Unicatólica) are analyzed, it was decided to design and develop a process of systematization of experiences, which allowed to analyze the actions, perceptions, interpretations and particular situations, experienced by a focal group of students of the degrees, while taking the subjects of the academic component of the PPE. At the methodological level, the systematization process is applied according to Jara (1994), where the author considers systematization as a critical interpretation of one or several experiences that, from their ordering and reconstruction, show the logic and the factors involved in the process lived, their relationship and the situations that have caused such relationships.El artículo presenta los resultados de la sistematización de experiencias de los docentes en formación, de acuerdo con los componentes académicos de la práctica pedagógica y educativa, y acorde con el objetivo central de la investigación denominada “Práctica pedagógica y educativa en las Licenciaturas en el área de Tecnología e Informática de las universidades Universidad Católica de Manizales, UCM, y la Fundación Universitaria Católica Lumen Gentium, Unicatólica, como aporte a la formación inicial de maestros”, en la que se analizan los aportes de la práctica pedagógica y educativa (PPE) a la formación inicial de los docentes en formación de las licenciaturas en Tecnología e Informática de la Universidad Católica de Manizales (UCM) e Informática de la Fundación Universitaria Lumen Gentium (Unicatólica), se2ecidíó diseñar y desarrollar un proceso de sistematización de experiencias, que permitiera analizar las acciones, percepciones, interpretaciones y situaciones particulares, vividas por un grupo focal de estudiantes de las licenciaturas, al cursar las asignaturas del componente académico de la PPE. A nivel metodológico se aplica el proceso de sistematización según Jara (1994), en donde el autor considera la sistematización como interpretación crítica de una o varias experiencias que, desde su ordenamiento y reconstrucción, muestran la lógica y los factores que intervienen en el proceso vivido, su relación y las situaciones que han provocado dichas relaciones. En ese sentido, el diseño inicial de la sistematización surgió entre las dos instituciones, pero el desarrollo del proceso de sistematización lo realizó cada una con su grupo focal de estudiantes. Como resultado del proceso de sistematización se encontró que la PPE promueve en los estudiantes las reflexiones disciplinares, teóricas y pedagógicas para su futura actuación profesional

Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Tamarixia triozae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an Ectoparasitoid of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae), of Three Insecticides Used on Solanaceous Crops

Lethal and sublethal effects of refined soybean oil, imidacloprid, and abamectin on Tamarixia triozae (Burks;Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were assessed after exposure of the eggs, larvae, and pupae of this parasitoid to three concentrations of these active substances: the LC50 for fourth-instar Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.; Hemiptera: Triozidae)and 50% and 100% of the minimum field-registered concentration (MiFRC). Soybean oil caused 26?61% mortality in T. triozae eggs and 6?19% in larvae; mortality in both eggs and larvae was ≤19% for imidacloprid and 4?100% for abamectin. All three compounds caused <18% mortality of T. triozae pupae, with the exception of the abamectin 50% (47%) and 100% (72%) MiFRC. The mortality of larvae and pupae derived from treated eggs was ≤39% for all three insecticides, and that of pupae derived from treated larvae was ≤10%. In general, emergence of adults developed from treated eggs, larvae, and pupae was affected more by abamectin than by the other treatments. The proportion of females derived from all three development stages was not affected by treatment with the compounds, except when the parasitoid was treated as larvae with the soybean oil 100 and 50% MiFRC (66 and 68%, respectively) or when treated as pupae with the imidacloprid LC50 and 100% MiFRC (~60%). Female longevity was generally higher than that of males. The use of imidacloprid, soybean oil, and abamectin in combination with T. triozae for pest control may be effective when the parasitoid is in the pupal stage because this stage is less susceptible than other immature stages.Fil: Morales Sinue I. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestale; MéxicoFil: Martinez, Ana Mabel. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestale; MéxicoFil: Viñuela, Elisa. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos de Madrid; EspañaFil: Chavarrieta, Juan M. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestale; MéxicoFil: Figueroa, Jorge Isaac. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales; MéxicoFil: Schneider, Marcela Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores; ArgentinaFil: Tamayo, Fernando. Centro de Sanidad Vegetal de Guanajuato; MéxicoFil: Pineda, Samuel. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestale; Méxic

Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Tamarixia triozae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an Ectoparasitoid of <i>Bactericera cockerelli</i> (Hemiptera: Triozidae), of Three Insecticides Used on Solanaceous Crops

Lethal and sublethal effects of refined soybean oil, imidacloprid, and abamectin on Tamarixia triozae (Burks; Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were assessed after exposure of the eggs, larvae, and pupae of this parasitoid to three concentrations of these active substances: the LC50 for fourth-instar Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.; Hemiptera: Triozidae)and 50% and 100% of the minimum field-registered concentration (MiFRC). Soybean oil caused 26-61% mortality in T. triozae eggs and 6-19% in larvae; mortality in both eggs and larvae was ≤19% for imidacloprid and 4-100% for abamectin. All three compounds caused T. triozae pupae, with the exception of the abamectin 50% (47%) and 100% (72%) MiFRC. The mortality of larvae and pupae derived from treated eggs was ≤39% for all three insecticides, and that of pupae derived from treated larvae was ≤10%. In general, emergence of adults developed from treated eggs, larvae, and pupae was affected more by abamectin than by the other treatments. The proportion of females derived from all three development stages was not affected by treatment with the compounds, except when the parasitoid was treated as larvae with the soybean oil 100 and 50% MiFRC (66 and 68%, respectively) or when treated as pupae with the imidacloprid LC50 and 100% MiFRC (~60%). Female longevity was generally higher than that of males. The use of imidacloprid, soybean oil, and abamectin in combination with T. triozae for pest control may be effective when the parasitoid is in the pupal stage because this stage is less susceptible than other immature stages.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Tamarixia triozae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an Ectoparasitoid of <i>Bactericera cockerelli</i> (Hemiptera: Triozidae), of Three Insecticides Used on Solanaceous Crops

Lethal and sublethal effects of refined soybean oil, imidacloprid, and abamectin on Tamarixia triozae (Burks; Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were assessed after exposure of the eggs, larvae, and pupae of this parasitoid to three concentrations of these active substances: the LC50 for fourth-instar Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.; Hemiptera: Triozidae)and 50% and 100% of the minimum field-registered concentration (MiFRC). Soybean oil caused 26-61% mortality in T. triozae eggs and 6-19% in larvae; mortality in both eggs and larvae was ≤19% for imidacloprid and 4-100% for abamectin. All three compounds caused T. triozae pupae, with the exception of the abamectin 50% (47%) and 100% (72%) MiFRC. The mortality of larvae and pupae derived from treated eggs was ≤39% for all three insecticides, and that of pupae derived from treated larvae was ≤10%. In general, emergence of adults developed from treated eggs, larvae, and pupae was affected more by abamectin than by the other treatments. The proportion of females derived from all three development stages was not affected by treatment with the compounds, except when the parasitoid was treated as larvae with the soybean oil 100 and 50% MiFRC (66 and 68%, respectively) or when treated as pupae with the imidacloprid LC50 and 100% MiFRC (~60%). Female longevity was generally higher than that of males. The use of imidacloprid, soybean oil, and abamectin in combination with T. triozae for pest control may be effective when the parasitoid is in the pupal stage because this stage is less susceptible than other immature stages.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Lethal and Sublethal Effects on Tamarixia triozae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an Ectoparasitoid of <i>Bactericera cockerelli</i> (Hemiptera: Triozidae), of Three Insecticides Used on Solanaceous Crops

Lethal and sublethal effects of refined soybean oil, imidacloprid, and abamectin on Tamarixia triozae (Burks; Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were assessed after exposure of the eggs, larvae, and pupae of this parasitoid to three concentrations of these active substances: the LC50 for fourth-instar Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.; Hemiptera: Triozidae)and 50% and 100% of the minimum field-registered concentration (MiFRC). Soybean oil caused 26-61% mortality in T. triozae eggs and 6-19% in larvae; mortality in both eggs and larvae was ≤19% for imidacloprid and 4-100% for abamectin. All three compounds caused T. triozae pupae, with the exception of the abamectin 50% (47%) and 100% (72%) MiFRC. The mortality of larvae and pupae derived from treated eggs was ≤39% for all three insecticides, and that of pupae derived from treated larvae was ≤10%. In general, emergence of adults developed from treated eggs, larvae, and pupae was affected more by abamectin than by the other treatments. The proportion of females derived from all three development stages was not affected by treatment with the compounds, except when the parasitoid was treated as larvae with the soybean oil 100 and 50% MiFRC (66 and 68%, respectively) or when treated as pupae with the imidacloprid LC50 and 100% MiFRC (~60%). Female longevity was generally higher than that of males. The use of imidacloprid, soybean oil, and abamectin in combination with T. triozae for pest control may be effective when the parasitoid is in the pupal stage because this stage is less susceptible than other immature stages.Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectore

Estructuras de datos y algoritmos

Estructuras de Datos y Algoritmos es una asignatura totalmente teórica complementada con la asignatura de Laboratorio de Programación II; se pretende que el alumno aprenda a manejar con soltura las estructuras de datos y estructuras de programación que se deben utilizar a la hora de desarrollar cualquier tipo de software, de manera eficiente y elegante; temiendo como base siempre la Programación Orientada a Objetos. Exponemos aquí una visión general de la asignatura con el temario impartido